A lot of people I know don’t own cars. Usually, that means they’re also not carrying auto insurance, which makes it interesting when you want to rent a car. Who is responsible if the vehicle is damaged or stolen? What if the damage is your fault? Even worse, what if you hurt somebody or destroy their property in the process?
By the time you read this, I’ll be headed to California for a much needed week off. And every time I travel, I run into the problem of renting a car with no car insurance. Car culture is so embedded in the United States that most people can’t fathom not owning one. Yet, I haven’t owned one of those wealth destroying contraptions in nearly nine years!
So what do you do if you rent a car but don’t have car insurance?
Most people seem to rely on a combination of auto insurance provided by the rental company or the protection that comes with using credit cards. But I’ve always wondered if the coverage is “good enough.” Once you’ve built some wealth and have assets at stake, the last thing you want to do is expose yourself to liability that could lead to losses.
So, I did some research and put together the below summary of the how I insure against catastrophe when renting a car.
There are four areas that I’m trying to protect:
- Health (damage to myself and family in an accident)
- Income (loss of income due to injury to myself or family in a crash)
- Damage to a car (including replacing car and “loss of use”)
- Damage to other people or property (liability)
Health and income loss
Hurting yourself should be covered by health insurance and disability insurance. The health insurance pays the doctors to put you back together. The disability insurance includes the loss of income while you’re not working. As long as you have both, you should be covered on the health expense and income protections side of the equation. That makes this the shortest part of the summary, but you need these protections in life generally, since there’s a lot more in life than a car accident that could cause high health expenses or disrupt your ability to earn money.
But what happens if you damage the car?
Damage to car / loss of use
Damage to the vehicle, while unpleasant, may be the least of your worries. Cars aren’t cheap but rental cars also aren’t luxury cars and the value of the car is fixed. If you total the car, you’ll need to replace it. If you sideswipe a vehicle, you’ll have to pay a body shop to fix the problem.
That makes sense and seems reasonable to quantify. Worst case scenario involving destruction of the rental car, you’d think damages would be $50,000 or less.
But what about “loss of use”?
Loss of use is the charge that a rental car company will try to recoup from you for lost rental profits while the car is sitting in the shop or on order while they’re replacing it with a new car.
To protect yourself from damage to the vehicle and “loss of use”, car rental companies will sell you CDW, or Collision Damage Waiver, (sometimes called LDW, or Loss Damage Waiver). It seems that agents are trained to make this as confusing as possible and to convince you that it’s a non-negotiable item.
Chances are good that you don’t need it.
First, if you have personal auto insurance, it’s likely that it covers your rental car up to the same limits as it does for your car.
However, if you don’t have car insurance (like me), you’ll need to rely on your credit card coverage.
Your credit card likely includes coverage for damage to the car. This coverage is typically secondary to any personal auto insurance you have (your “primary” insurance) but, if you don’t have primary insurance, the credit card coverage is your primary insurance.
The trick is making sure your credit car rental insurance covers “loss of use” fees.
American Express has a handy page where you can look up the standard coverage provided by your credit card. For my American Express Gold card, the benefits will pay up to $50,000 per rental agreement towards :
- The lesser of:
a. the actual cost to repair the Rental Vehicle;
b. the Wholesale Book Value of the Rental Vehicle, minus salvage and depreciation costs; or
c. the purchase invoice price of the Rental Vehicle, minus salvage and depreciation costs.
Additionally, it covers (bolding mine):
- Reasonable and necessary charges related to the Rental Vehicle subsequent to the Damage or Theft, such as Loss of Use, appraisal fees provided they are supported with verifiable documentation, towing charges (which are not covered by other roadside assistance programs available to the Card Member) and storage, which are charged by the nearest vendor or facility capable of rendering assistance and which are usual and customary in the locale where the Damage or Theft occurred.
Although the credit card includes “loss of use,” I’ve read that it’s possible to get caught in the crossfire between credit card companies and car rental companies. The car rental company will come after you for the damages and loss of use. Naturally, your credit card company will ask for rental companies to prove the loss of use (i.e. “show me your rental logs to prove that every other car was rented out during this time such that you actually suffered damages.”) Car rental companies don’t like turning over these records, so it’s possible to get caught in a situation where the car rental company is charging you for a “loss of use” while your insurer is refusing to pay for it because of the lack of proof.
Further, you need to check the coverage location. For my American Express Gold card, “coverage is worldwide except for vehicles rented in Australia, Italy, New Zealand and any country on the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) sanctioned country list.”
American Express also offers a Premium Rental Car Rental Protection program. If you enroll in the program and rent a car using your American Express, you’ll automatically be charged either $19.95 or $24.95 for the entire rental, which covers you up to 42 days of a consecutive rental.
For the premium program, you’ll get higher coverage amount, and it will apply to a broader range of cars (including SUVs, luxury cars, etc.). Here’s an example of the coverage amounts from their website:
- Up to $100,000 of primary coverage for damage or theft of a Rental Vehicle.
- Up to $100,000 of Accidental Death or Dismemberment coverage ($250,000 for California Residents).
- Up to $15,000 for secondary medical expenses per person.
- Up to $5,000 for secondary personal property coverage ($15,000 for Florida Residents).
- Up to $100,000 of Accidental Death or Dismemberment coverage ($250,000 for California Residents).
Coverage is also primary even if you have personal car insurance.
For me, the extra coverage seems worth it for a small $24.95 charge. It’s certainly significantly cheaper than the $10-$30 each day that you’ll pay for CDW (or LDW) coverage from the rental company. When I rent a car, I typically use my American Express and this premium rental car protection.
What about some of the other major credit cards?
For Chase, you’ll need to find the Guide to Benefits for your card. I suggest googling the name of your card plus the words “guide to benefits” to find it. I found the Guide to Benefits for the Chase Sapphire Reserve here.
The Chase coverage is primary to the vehicle and covers up to $75,000 in damage. Covered losses are:
- Physical damage and/or theft of the covered rental vehicle.
- Valid loss-of-use charges assessed by the rental company while the damaged vehicle is being repaired and is not available for use, as substantiated in the company’s fleet utilization log.
- Reasonable and customary towing charges related to a covered loss to take the vehicle to the nearest qualified repair facility.
As you can see in point #2 above, the loss-of-use only applies to records which are substantiated in the company’s fleet utilization log. This seems completely reasonable to me – and I’d think a car rental company would have to prove actual damages if they decide to try and collect for “loss of use” — but note the paragraph above about being caught in the crossfire during this dispute.
Liability coverage
Everything we’ve discussed above covers damage to the vehicle itself and any “loss of use.” What about harm to other people and property?
Most states require a minimum amount of liability insurance. It’s the one part that typically isn’t optional.
Worse, there is no theoretical cap on damages. If you injure an emergency room doctor and you’re at fault, it’s going to be expensive. The same is true if you destroy a Tesla.
As someone looking to protect his or her wealth, you’ll want at least enough liability coverage to protect whatever amount of net worth you’re comfortable losing.
Liability insurance up to the mandatory state limits is usually included automatically in the rental coverage (since the law requires it).
But even if the car rental company is required to provide the minimum amount of liability insurance, it’s likely to be a lower number. Here’s a list of the minimum liability insurance required for all 50 states. As you can see, coverage is often only up to $50K for the entire accident. If you have a $500,000 net worth and cause $200K in damage, the insurance will pick up the initial $50K, but you’ll be left to pick up the remaining $150K yourself.
In California, I recently learned that car rental companies are not required to provide the minimum liability protection required by state law (see Hertz’s statement here). This means it’s entirely possible to walk out of the rental agency without any liability coverage and immediately be in violation of the law as soon as you put the keys in the ignition.
If the car rental company is asking you for your auto insurance company name, that should give you pause that they’re entering the data into their computers because they’re expecting that insurance policy to provide the liability protection (I found it mystifying that I’ve successfully rented several cars in California, declined liability coverage and then driven the car off the lot – all before I knew of this unique circumstance).
And here’s another critical point: None of the credit card companies provide liability insurance.
If you have personal auto insurance, you’ll have liability insurance baked into the agreement up to your policy limit.
But if you don’t have a personal auto insurance policy, you’ll need to rely on one of these methods for covering your liability:
- State Required Mandatory Minimum (although not always required, see the California discussion above).
- Non-Owner Car Insurance.
- Umbrella Insurance (although most umbrella policies require auto and renter/homeowner insurance)
- Liability Insurance (or supplemental liability insurance) purchased from a car rental agency.
As discussed above, the state required mandatory minimum is a low amount that could only protect you up to $50,000 of damages. You’ll be on the hook for everything above the state minimum.
A non-owner car insurance policy is unfamiliar to the vast majority of the population, mainly since most people own cars. This policy is specifically for people who do not own cars. A non-owner car insurance policy is liability coverage. It’s not going to cover any damage to the borrowed or rented vehicle.
My bank’s (USAA) New York non-ownership policy covers the following types of liability:
- Bodily Injury Liability
- Property Damage Liability
- Uninsured Motorist
- Medical Payments
Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability cover damage to people or property caused by me. The Uninsured Motorist policy protects me if an uninsured motorist causes harm to me or my property. And, in New York, the Medical Payments coverage pays for medical, dental and funeral expenses for anyone riding in your vehicle, regardless of who is at fault. In other words, this is a secondary health insurance policy. It also covers you for medical payments needed if you’re hit as a pedestrian.
Here’s what I do
As a recap, there are four areas that I’m trying to protect:
- Health (damage to myself and family in an accident)
- Income (loss of income due to injury to myself or family in an accident)
- Damage to the car (including replacing car and “loss of use”)
- Damage to other people or property (liability)
For health insurance, I rely on my employer-provided health insurance (although, there are health insurance options if you’re early retired or self-employed).
My employer also provides a group disability insurance policy that is adequate for my purposes at the moment (although I’m actively looking into purchasing disability insurance).
I rely on American Express’s premium car rental protection to cover damage to the car, but you could count on any credit card’s property coverage policy that makes sense to you.
I own a non-owners insurance policy from USAA to protect myself from damage to other people or property. My policy costs approximately $250 every six months. Is it cheaper than buying liability insurance from a car rental company? No. Liability insurance from a car rental company costs between $10 – $20 a day. For the math to work out, I’d need to rent a car more than 33 days each year.
But there are four reasons why I choose to purchase non-owners car insurance rather than relying on a rental car company’s liability policy.
First, I like the consistency of knowing who is providing my liability coverage and the amounts of coverage. Rather than relying on the rental car company to get it right and to cover me in a sufficient amount, I prefer taking things into my own hands.
Second, my non-owners insurance policy covers me for uninsured motorists. It’s not at all clear to me that rental car liability insurance has this coverage. Sure, the credit card should cover the damage to the car but what if I can’t work or need to make medical payments because an uninsured motorist injured me? While I have health and disability insurance that should kick in, this would cover those deductibles which is a nice bonus.
Third, my non-owners insurance policy covers medical payments if I’m injured as a pedestrian. Again, I have health insurance and disability insurance to cover this as well, but it’s a bonus of having my own policy that the deductibles on those policies would be covered.
Fourth, I wanted an umbrella policy. It’s pretty tricky and maybe impossible to get an umbrella policy unless you have auto and renters/homeowner insurance. Understandably, umbrella policies are written to cover liability after the primary coverage has been breached. That’s why umbrella policies are so cheap. Buying a non-owners car insurance policy is what allowed me to purchase an umbrella policy.
So there you have it. That’s how I protect myself when I rent a car. It’s amazingly complex for what seems like such a simple thing, but cars are liability generating machines!
Joshua Holt is a former private equity M&A lawyer and the creator of Biglaw Investor. Josh couldn’t find a place where lawyers were talking about money, so he created it himself. Years later, he opened up an insurance agency and created a tool where you can get instant life insurance quotes from hundreds of companies to ensure you’re getting the best price.
